Employee Restrictive Covenant Agreement
Cover Terms
The terms below are incorporated into and form part of this agreement.
| Employer | [Legal name of the employer] | ||||||||
| Employee | [Full legal name of the employee] | ||||||||
| Employee Title / Position | |||||||||
| Effective Date | [Effective date of this agreement] | ||||||||
| Governing Law | North Carolina | ||||||||
| Mid-Employment Consideration | State-law basisReference only — not part of this agreement. North Carolina's mid-employment consideration rule requires new consideration for a covenant signed after the employment relationship already exists; continued at-will employment is not enough. The amount need not be large — courts do not weigh adequacy and $500 has sufficed — but it must actually move and should be recited. Left blank by default because a covenant signed at hire needs no separate payment; the offer of new employment is itself valuable consideration. | ||||||||
| Confidentiality | |||||||||
| Trade Secrets Duration | Perpetual | ||||||||
| Other Confidential Information Duration | 24 months | ||||||||
| Employee Non-Solicitation | |||||||||
| Duration | 24 monthsMarket benchmark HideShow
Why this selected default?Why is this the selected default?North Carolina sets no statutory cap on duration; an employee non-solicit has no statute of its own and stands or falls on ordinary restraint-of-trade reasonableness. 24 months matches the modal employee non-solicit term observed in benchmarked, publicly-filed employee agreements; 12 months is the common lighter alternative, and counsel should size the term to the employer's actual protectable interest. Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing.
Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing.
Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing.
Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 3 examples in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark → | ||||||||
| Covered Employee Period | 12 months | ||||||||
| Customer Non-Solicitation | |||||||||
| Duration | 12 monthsMarket benchmark HideShow
Why this selected default?Why is this the selected default?North Carolina sets no statutory cap; a customer non-solicit maps directly onto the customer-goodwill interest and is often the sturdiest restraint when held to actual relationships. 12 months is the lighter side of the near-even 12/24-month split observed in benchmarked, publicly-filed employee agreements — a conservative duration counsel should size to the actual customer relationships protected. Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing.
Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing.
Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing.
Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark → | ||||||||
| Covered Customer Period | 12 months | ||||||||
| Non-Competition | |||||||||
| Duration | 12 monthsMarket benchmark HideShow
Why this selected default?Why is this the selected default?North Carolina imposes no statutory cap on duration; reasonableness is a question of law weighing time and territory together on a sliding scale, and a court will not shorten an unreasonable term — it declines the covenant. 12 months matches the modal non-compete term observed in benchmarked, publicly-filed employee agreements — a conservative default counsel should size to the actual role and market rather than copy from another form. Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing.
Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing.
Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing.
Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 3 examples in the complete benchmark →Showing 2 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 2 examples in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark → | ||||||||
| Restricted Territory | the geographic area in which Employee provided services and built customer relationships | ||||||||
| Competitive Business | [Description of the business activities that constitute competition with the employer, defined by reference to the duties the employee actually performed rather than every line of the employer's business.] | ||||||||
| Specified Competitors | |||||||||
| No Business with Covered Customers | |||||||||
| Duration | 12 months | ||||||||
| Non-Investment | |||||||||
| Duration | 12 months | ||||||||
| Passive Public Holdings Threshold | five percentMarket benchmark HideShow
Why this selected default?Why is this the selected default?Five percent of any class of publicly traded securities is the modal passive-investment carve-out threshold observed in benchmarked, publicly-filed employee agreements that include the carve-out (lower 1-3 percent thresholds are the common tighter alternatives). Because a North Carolina court strikes rather than narrows an overbroad restraint, a clean passive-holdings carve-out avoids gratuitous overbreadth like a technical ban on index funds and ordinary public shares. Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing.
Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing.
Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing.
Showing 3 representative examples. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 6 examples in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark →Showing 1 representative example. Company names link directly to the underlying SEC filing. See all 1 example in the complete benchmark → | ||||||||
| Non-Disparagement | |||||||||
| Duration | 24 months |
Standard Terms
1. Defined Terms
“Competitive Business” means the business activities described in Cover Terms under Competitive Business, defined by reference to the duties Employee actually performed for Employer rather than every line of Employer's business.
“Confidential Information” means non-public information relating to Employer's business, including trade secrets, customer lists, pricing, business processes, technical data, and strategic plans, but excluding information that becomes public through no fault of Employee.
“Covered Customers” means customers, vendors, referral sources, and business partners with whom Employee had material contact or for whom Employee had responsibility during the 12 months before termination of employment. Covered Customers does not include prospective clients Employer had not obtained.
“Covered Employees” means employees with whom Employee worked or whom Employee managed during the 12 months before termination of employment.
“Passive Public Holdings” means ownership of securities of a publicly traded company representing less than five percent of any class of such company's securities, and interests in diversified mutual funds, index funds, and exchange-traded funds that may hold securities of a Competitive Business.
“Protected Interests” means Employer's Confidential Information, Trade Secrets, and goodwill in existing customer, vendor, referral-source, and business-partner relationships.
“Restricted Period” means the duration specified in Cover Terms for each covenant, beginning on the date Employee's employment with Employer ends for any reason, and extended only as expressly provided in the Tolling and Extension During Breach section.
“Restricted Territory” means the geographic area described in Cover Terms under Restricted Territory.
“Solicit” means to actively contact, approach, persuade, request, petition, induce, or encourage any person or entity for the purpose of diverting business away from Employer or of causing a Covered Employee to leave Employer, but does not include responding to general advertisements or unsolicited inquiries not initiated by Employee.
“Trade Secrets” means information qualifying as a trade secret under applicable law.
Drafting Note Solicitation
The operative verb sets the reach of a non-solicitation covenant. North Carolina courts read solicit, recruit, or induce to require active persuasion, so a covenant confined to those verbs reaches only active persuasion and not a passive hire, and a customer non-solicit that extends to prospective customers or clients the employer never had is an impermissible restraint . A covenant meant to bar hiring as well as solicitation reaches that conduct only through express hiring language, and one confined to actual customers stays within the interest the law protects; a covenant that names only the solicitation verbs leaves a passive hire and a never-served prospect outside its reach.
2. Recitals and Protected Interests
Employer and Employee acknowledge that each restrictive covenant is supported by valuable consideration and protects Employer's Protected Interests.
3. Timing, Consideration, and Employee Acknowledgements
The parties acknowledge that this agreement is supported by valuable consideration. If this agreement is signed at the outset of employment, the offer and commencement of employment is the consideration for the covenants. If Employee signs after employment has begun, the new consideration stated in Cover Terms under Mid-Employment Consideration is exchanged for the covenants. Employee acknowledges having had the opportunity to consult with independent legal counsel before signing this agreement. This agreement is effective as of the Effective Date listed in Cover Terms.
Drafting Note New consideration
A covenant signed at the outset of employment rests on the offer of employment itself, but a covenant a current employee signs after the relationship already exists needs new consideration, and continued at-will employment is not enough — a mid-employment covenant unsupported by a new benefit is unenforceable for want of consideration . A raise, bonus, promotion, new assignment, or other benefit that actually moves and is recited in the agreement supplies that support; North Carolina courts do not weigh the adequacy of the new consideration, and a payment as small as a few hundred dollars has sufficed . Consideration establishes only that the covenants are supported, not that they are reasonable, so each covenant must still clear the reasonableness test on its own.
4. Signed Writing Requirement
Each restrictive covenant and any amendment changing its scope must be in writing and signed by Employee.
5. Confidential Information and Trade Secret Protection
Employee must treat all Confidential Information as strictly confidential. Employee must not use or disclose Confidential Information except as required to perform authorized job duties or with Employer's prior written consent. Employee's obligations regarding trade secrets continue in perpetuity, for as long as the information remains a trade secret. Employee's obligations regarding other Confidential Information continue for the period specified in Cover Terms. This confidentiality obligation operates alongside, and independent of, any restrictive covenant in this agreement, and does not restrict Employee's use of the general knowledge, skill, and experience Employee acquired during employment.
6. Permitted Disclosures and Protected Conduct
Nothing in this agreement prohibits Employee from: (a) reporting possible violations of law to any government agency, including the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or any other federal, state, or local agency; (b) making disclosures protected under whistleblower provisions of any law; (c) discussing wages, hours, or other terms and conditions of employment as protected by applicable law, including Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. § 157); (d) testifying truthfully in legal proceedings; or (e) filing a sealed complaint in court using Confidential Information without liability. Pursuant to the Defend Trade Secrets Act (18 U.S.C. § 1833(b)), Employee may not be held criminally or civilly liable for disclosing a trade secret in confidence to a government official or attorney solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law, or in a sealed court filing.
7. Return, Deletion, and Certification of Company Property
Upon termination of employment, Employee must promptly return to Employer all documents, devices, files, credentials, and other materials containing or relating to Confidential Information. Where permitted, Employee must permanently delete electronic copies of Confidential Information from personal devices and accounts. Employee must certify compliance with this section in writing upon Employer's request.
8. Non-Solicitation of Employees
During the Restricted Period, Employee must not Solicit, recruit, or induce any Covered Employee to leave Employer. This restriction requires active persuasion; it does not prohibit Employee from providing a professional reference upon request, and it does not by its terms reach the hiring of a person who applies on their own initiative or in response to a general advertisement not directed specifically at Employer's employees. This covenant reaches only Covered Employees during the Restricted Period and is no broader than necessary to protect Employer's workforce stability and goodwill.
9. Non-Solicitation of Customers, Vendors, Referral Sources, and Business Partners
During the Restricted Period, Employee must not Solicit the business of any Covered Customer with whom Employee had material contact. This covenant does not reach prospective clients Employer never obtained.
10. No Business with Covered Customers
During the Restricted Period, Employee must not accept, service, or do business with any Covered Customer with whom Employee had material contact, whether Employee or the Covered Customer initiates contact.
11. Non-Competition
During the Restricted Period, Employee must not engage in, be employed by, consult for, or have an active ownership interest in any Competitive Business within the Restricted Territory. This covenant exists to protect Employer's Protected Interests — its Confidential Information, trade secrets, and existing customer goodwill — and not to restrain ordinary competition. The parties intend this covenant to be confined to the duties Employee actually performed and not to bar future work distinct from those duties, and to claim no territory beyond what protects Employer's interest in maintaining its existing customers. If Employer has identified specific competitors in Cover Terms under Specified Competitors, the parties intend this covenant to be understood and enforced as limited to those named competitors. Passive Public Holdings are permitted.
Drafting Note The five-element enforceability test
North Carolina has no general non-compete statute, so every covenant in the agreement is a partial restraint of trade that stands or falls on the five-element common-law test: it must be in writing, part of an employment contract, supported by valuable consideration, reasonable as to time and territory, and designed to protect a legitimate business interest and not against public policy . Because the covenant is read strictly against the drafter, a single defective element defeats the whole restraint and a North Carolina court will not rewrite an overbroad one — a category the state's restraint-of-trade statute already disfavors . The broader covenants in the family are measured the same way: a no-business-with-covered-customers restraint reaches even customer-initiated business and survives only where it is supported by consideration, reasonably necessary to protect the covenantee, and not against public policy, and a non-investment restraint sits under that same reasonableness test rather than outside it . The analysis travels with an assignment — a successor enforcing an assigned covenant faces the same five-element test and the same strike-only severance the original employer faced, so an assignment moves the covenant without strengthening it .
Drafting Note Restricted activities
A North Carolina covenant reaches a legitimate interest only where the employee acquired intimate knowledge of the business not generally available to the public, and only for work within the duties the employee actually performed; a covenant that bars any capacity at a competitor, including work the employee never did, reaches past that interest and is unenforceable . Restricted activities defined by the employee's real role, rather than every line of the company's business, stay inside that interest, and a covenant expressly limited to named competitors is stronger evidence still that it reaches no further than reasonably necessary .
12. Non-Investment
During the Restricted Period, Employee must not acquire or hold any active ownership interest in, serve as a director, officer, manager, or advisor to, or have material economic participation in any Competitive Business. Passive Public Holdings are permitted.
13. Non-Disparagement
During the Restricted Period specified in Cover Terms for Non-Disparagement, Employee must not make statements that are intended to or reasonably likely to disparage Employer, its officers, directors, employees, products, or services. This section does not restrict Employee from making truthful statements in legal proceedings, providing truthful testimony, making disclosures to government agencies, or exercising rights protected by law, including rights protected under Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act.
14. Physician and Health Care Practitioner Covenants
If Employee is a physician, no covenant prohibits Employee from continuing care for an existing patient or complying with applicable patient-notification and access requirements.
Drafting Note Physician public-health scrutiny
A physician covenant carries a hurdle no recital removes. North Carolina courts refuse to enforce a covenant restraining the practice of medicine where enforcement would create a substantial question of potential harm to the public health, weighing the shortage of specialists in the restricted area, the risk of a local monopoly and its effect on future fees and emergency availability, and the public interest in patient choice of physician . A physician covenant can fail on that public-policy ground even where its time and territory are otherwise reasonable, so a narrow radius and a short term tied to continuity of patient care are what survive the scrutiny; a broad medical restraint is the one that falls.
15. No Conflicting Obligations
Employee represents that performing duties for Employer and complying with this agreement does not conflict with any prior agreement, court order, or legal obligation binding on Employee. Employee must promptly disclose to Employer any potential conflict that arises during employment.
16. Notice to Future Employers and Other Third Parties
Employer may disclose the existence and terms of this agreement to any prospective employer or business associate of Employee if Employer has a reasonable belief that Employee may breach this agreement. Employee consents to this disclosure.
Drafting Note A notice to a future employer built on a failed covenant
A notice to a departing employee's prospective employer is only as sound as the covenant it invokes. A covenant that later fails any element of the five-element enforceability test has no force to assert, so a notice letter waving such a covenant at a new employer rests on an unenforceable restraint and can expose the employer to a tortious-interference claim . A notice grounded in a restraint the employer is prepared to defend as reasonable carries the weight the letter otherwise lacks.
17. Tolling and Extension During Breach
If Employee breaches any restrictive covenant in this agreement, the Restricted Period for that covenant is extended by one day for each day of the breach, up to the original Restricted Period.
Drafting Note Express extension-on-breach clauses
A restricted period does not lengthen itself. North Carolina has no appellate decision recognizing equitable tolling of a covenant, so a restraint that runs while the former employee violates it simply expires on schedule unless the agreement provides otherwise. An express extension-on-breach clause fills that gap: federal courts applying North Carolina law have enforced clauses that toll or extend the period for the time spent in breach . Any such extension is itself a restraint, so an open-ended or indefinite one draws the same reasonableness scrutiny as the covenant it lengthens, while a bounded day-for-day extension tracks the breach without overreaching.
18. Remedies
Employee acknowledges that a breach of this agreement may cause Employer irreparable harm for which money damages would be inadequate. Employer may seek injunctive or other equitable relief in addition to any other remedies available at law.
Drafting Note Fee-shifting in employment covenants
A fee-shifting clause in an employment non-compete generally does not deliver a fee award. North Carolina's reciprocal business-contract fee statute expressly excludes employment contracts from its definition of a covered business contract, so a fee provision in this employment covenant usually will not support an award . Attorney-fee recovery instead runs through separate statutory hooks — most often the discretionary award available to a prevailing party on an unfair-or-deceptive-trade-practices claim, and only on findings of willfulness or a frivolous and malicious action — so a one-sided fee clause promises a recovery the governing law does not underwrite .
19. Enforceability and Severability
If any distinctly severable provision is unenforceable, it is severed and the remaining provisions remain in effect.
Drafting Note Severability
North Carolina follows the strict blue-pencil doctrine, so a court may strike a distinctly separable, unreasonable provision but will not rewrite an overbroad one, even when the contract asks it to, and a reformation or savings clause cannot confer a power the court does not have . A covenant that bundles time, territory, and scope into a single indivisible restraint therefore falls whole once any part reaches too far, while restrictions written as distinct, independently reasonable provisions let a court strike the overbroad one and leave the rest standing. A covenant that leans on a savings clause to be reformed leans on relief North Carolina withholds.
20. Survival and Expiration of Each Covenant
Each restrictive covenant in this agreement survives the termination of Employee's employment for the Restricted Period specified in Cover Terms, as it may be extended under the Tolling and Extension During Breach section. Obligations under the Confidential Information and Trade Secret Protection section survive for the Trade Secrets Duration specified in Cover Terms to the extent they relate to trade secrets, and for the Other Confidential Information Duration specified in Cover Terms for other Confidential Information. All other provisions survive to the extent necessary to enforce rights that arose during employment. Each covenant states its own survival so that its duration is independently determinable.
21. Assignment and Successors
Employee may not assign this agreement or any rights or obligations under it. Employer may assign this agreement to any affiliate, successor, or acquirer of all or substantially all of Employer's business or assets. This agreement is binding on and inures to the benefit of the parties and their respective heirs, successors, and permitted assigns.
22. Governing Law, Venue, and Dispute Process
North Carolina law governs this agreement, and the state and federal courts located in North Carolina have exclusive jurisdiction over disputes arising from it, subject to non-waivable applicable law.
Drafting Note The § 22B-3 forum bar
An out-of-state forum, venue, or arbitration clause dropped into an agreement entered into in North Carolina does not move the dispute out of state: Section 22B-3 makes any such provision void and unenforceable as against public policy, so the action can proceed in a North Carolina court . The bar reaches forum-selection and arbitration-venue terms but does not by itself void an out-of-state choice-of-law clause, so a governing-law selection and a forum selection are measured separately — and a governing-law and venue pairing that tracks where the employee actually lives and works leaves the covenant measured against the law it was drafted for.
23. Entire Agreement, Amendment, Waiver, and Electronic Signatures
This agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties regarding its subject matter and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings, and negotiations on this subject. This agreement may be amended only in writing signed by both parties, and any amendment changing the scope of a restrictive covenant must be signed by Employee. A party's failure to enforce any provision does not waive that party's right to enforce it later. This agreement may be executed in counterparts, including by electronic signature, each of which is an original.
Signatures
By signing this agreement, each party acknowledges and agrees to the restrictive covenant obligations above. Employee confirms having read and understood each provision, including the Cover Terms.
Employer
Employer: [Legal name of the employer]
Signature:
Signatory Name: [Full name of the authorized signatory signing for the employer]
Title: [Title of the authorized signatory signing for the employer]
Date:
Employee
Signature:
Print Name: [Full legal name of the employee]
Date: